ImmersiveIran > About Iran > Destinations > Villages > Kandovan Rocky Village: a beautiful cave village
In East Azerbaijan Province, an hour away from the historic city of Tabriz, Kandovan village hides as one of the most amazing rock villages in the world. Kandovan is one of the three rock villages in the world (along with the villages of Cappadocia in Turkey and Dakota in the United States). But what makes this village more special is that it is the only one of them inhabited by its local people.
Traveling to Kandovan allows you to have a unique experience of living in rock houses, enjoying the pristine nature and pleasant climate, and getting to know the culture and traditions.
A Village Carved by Nature and Human Hands
Over millennia, igneous rocks in Mount Sahand overcame an erosion process, creating beautiful conical shapes. Then, thousands of years ago, people carved Kandovan houses in the volcanic rocks with their hands. Over years, the village people have built houses with multiple rooms, windows, and stables in the heart of these rocks.
Some researchers estimate Kandovan’s age to more than 7,000 years. But the exact date of its formation is unknown. The original inhabitants of Kandovan village took refuge in this area to escape the Mongol attacks in the 13th century AD.
Living Inside Volcanic Cones
The cone-shaped homes here are called “karan”, beehive-like structures carved into ignimbrite and ash-flow tuffs created by ancient volcanic activity from Mount Sahand.
These cones can reach up to about 40–60 m high. The thick rock walls act as natural insulation, keeping interiors cool in summer and warm in winter, a smart adaptation to the region’s climate. Many karaans are multi-story (often 2–4 levels), and over generations locals have slowly expanded these spaces with carved stairways, windows, and even connecting bridges between formations.
The people of Kandovan are engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicrafts. Honey, dairy products, dried fruits, and medicinal plants are among the most popular souvenirs of Kandovan Village. Handicrafts such as woolen socks and hats, as well as wooden kitchen appliances are made in this village. Beyond agriculture and animal husbandry, locals produce carpets and traditional textiles.
One of the most enjoyable experiences in Kandovan is its natural hot springs, formed due to its volcanic origins. These mineral-rich waters are believed to have therapeutic properties and offer a relaxing contrast to the cool mountain air.
In recent years, Kandovan has developed tourism facilities such as rock hotels, eco-lodges, traditional restaurants, and local shops, allowing visitors to experience the village while enjoying modern comfort.
A Cool Mountain Destination All Year Round
